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Hello Everyone -
I have a peculiar situation that I'm hoping to get some help with.
Running Vera which is still handling my Zwave, MySensors, Zigbee, and still a balance of my Reactors.
However, I've also been running MSR for several months in preparation for an eventual move off of Vera.
Vera had one of its meltdowns this morning related to my Opensprinkler plug in.
After getting that straightened out, I added the OpenSprinkler plugin to HAAS and that's when I started having issues.
My existing MSR reactors (even simple ones) don't seem to fire their reactions. I can see the conditions go "true". If I manually fire the Reaction, it works fine.
I do see this a lot in the logs:
[1.0.2-21350]2022-05-16T19:02:44.518Z <Rule:INFO> Rule#rule-460 evaluation in progress; waiting for completion(Various rules - 460 is just an example)
Is there anything I can do to further troubleshoot?
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Build 21228 has been released. Docker images available from DockerHub as usual, and bare-metal packages here.
Home Assistant up to version 2021.8.6 supported; the online version of the manual will now state the current supported versions; Fix an error in OWMWeatherController that could cause it to stop updating; Unify the approach to entity filtering on all hub interface classes (controllers); this works for device entities only; it may be extended to other entities later; Improve error detail in messages for EzloController during auth phase; Add isRuleSet() and isRuleEnabled() functions to expressions extensions; Implement set action for lock and passage capabilities (makes them more easily scriptable in some cases); Fix a place in the UI where 24-hour time was not being displayed. -
My MSR has been working flawlessly until a couple of days ago when it stopped sending Telegram Messages (or should I say they stopped getting through!). I have updated to MSR version 22004. The reactor.log is updating and is showing no errors:
[latest-22004]2022-05-15T17:52:31.417Z Engine:NOTICE Starting reaction Message Test (re-l37h2fkj)
[latest-22004]2022-05-15T17:52:31.417Z Engine:INFO Message Test all actions completed.
[latest-22004]2022-05-15T17:52:31.704Z Engine:INFO Enqueueing "Message Test" (re-l37h2fkj)
[latest-22004]2022-05-15T17:52:31.735Z Engine:NOTICE Starting reaction Message Test (re-l37h2fkj)
[latest-22004]2022-05-15T17:52:31.736Z Engine:INFO Message Test all actions completed.
[latest-22004]2022-05-15T17:52:32.007Z Engine:INFO Enqueueing "Message Test" (re-l37h2fkj)
[latest-22004]2022-05-15T17:52:32.035Z Engine:NOTICE Starting reaction Message Test (re-l37h2fkj)
[latest-22004]2022-05-15T17:52:32.036Z Engine:INFO Message Test all actions completed.
[latest-22004]2022-05-15T17:52:41.324Z Engine:INFO Enqueueing "Variable Telegram Test" (re-kvnm57c3)If I use the following in my web browser the telegram message gets through:
https://api.telegram.org/botxxxxx......./sendMessage?chat_id=xxxxx......&text=Test Message HTTPS
I am running MSR on my QNAP network attached storage. Any assistance would be appreciated.
Just another question...... I would like to post in the HOME HARDWARE VERA section of Smarthome, but I do not have the option to set up a new post. Do I need to request access for this?
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Details of runtime environment:
Reactor (Multi-hub) stable-22055-9b40e12 Running as a service on Windows Server 2022 Std 21H2 Connecting to HASS (HASSOS) Is a migration WIP from OpenLuup/ReactorA complete description of your objective:
Using LetsEncrypt, application "certifyTheWeb", retrieve and apply SSL certificate to Multi System ReactorA description of your approach/solution/implementation so far:
Reviewed Config files, can't seen mention of certificate files in thereActual Question:
How do I apply a certificate to whatever web server Reactor uses? I'm familiar with managing certificates on IIS and Apache but Reactor doesn't use either of these and I have not been able to locat ethe config file that Reactor uses for this. Which config file needs editing to apply a certificate? Does it use the computer certificate store or it's own store (e.g. pem files)The reason I want to achieve this, other than the general goodness of having everything I can in TLS is that I have Reactor as an IFRAME in my HASS console and as HASS is HTTPS and Reactor is HTTP then the iframe refuses to open.
Search for "certificate" or "ssl" did not reveal anything relevant in this forum.
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@toggledbits
Hi Patrick,
Running HASS 2022.5.3
MSR zwavejs-22126-834c3e9Seeing weird behavior in MSR with regards to my Zen32's. Not sure how to capture info that might be relevent but will describe what I am seeing.
In the example below I pressed scene 001 4 times. It flashed and changed the primary value to "4". The remaining buttons were previously showing the PV as "double" I pushed each button one time and they flashed and displayed the PV as 4.
zen32.JPGIn the zwavejs2mqtt debug screen that sequence looks like this.
2022-05-10 09:38:44.078 INFO ZWAVE: Node 45: value notification: 91-0-scene-001 5 2022-05-10T16:38:44.081Z CNTRLR « [Node 045] received CentralScene notification { "nodeId": 45, "ccId": "Central Scene", "ccCommand": "0x03", "payload": "0x898501" } 2022-05-10 09:38:45.982 INFO ZWAVE: Node 45: value notification: 91-0-scene-002 0 2022-05-10T16:38:45.984Z CNTRLR « [Node 045] received CentralScene notification { "nodeId": 45, "ccId": "Central Scene", "ccCommand": "0x03", "payload": "0x8a8002" } 2022-05-10 09:38:47.807 INFO ZWAVE: Node 45: value notification: 91-0-scene-003 0 2022-05-10T16:38:47.810Z CNTRLR « [Node 045] received CentralScene notification { "nodeId": 45, "ccId": "Central Scene", "ccCommand": "0x03", "payload": "0x8b8003" } 2022-05-10 09:38:48.858 INFO ZWAVE: Node 45: value notification: 91-0-scene-004 0 2022-05-10T16:38:48.861Z CNTRLR « [Node 045] received CentralScene notification { "nodeId": 45, "ccId": "Central Scene", "ccCommand": "0x03", "payload": "0x8c8004" }Let me know what other info you would like me to supply.
I have played around with a bunch of other key stroke combo's and it looks like buttons 2-5 display what ever button 1 is set to.
Have tested this on 4 different ZEN32's and it is same on all. -
Running zwavejs-22118-baab576 in MSR, HASSOS 2022.5.1
Due to an unreported issue in HASS, when I upgraded the 2022.5 yesterday, it dropped ZwaveJS2MQTT from my HASSOS build. Finally got it reinstalled and it appears to be working the way it was previously.
MSR is now showing zwavejs down and in entities, nothing is updating.Seeing this in the logs:
ZWaveJSController#zwavejs ws_open caught [Error]Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 192.168.0.16:3000Are there additional steps needed that are not mentioned in the manual?
At a loss to figure out what is causing issue. -
Hi!
After several tests, restarting the computer where the MSR is, and the MSR itself by Tools > Restart, I have a persistent error in the logs.
32d45bc3-51f8-4718-a113-3381e9d7edf2-image.png
Looking at the global expression (screen below), I see that it is highlighted as an error, however, if I look at two other expressions above that have the same structure, they do not present an error, so I do not think the problem is with the expression's code.
ca8a7867-4ac7-4f9a-9913-15a80da18f05-image.png
This expression uses a group, which validates 4 devices of type door sensor, whether the status is true or false, door open or closed.
"dgc_entrance_open": name: DGC Entrance Open select: - include_entity: - "hubitat>37" - "hubitat>38" - "hubitat>99" - "hubitat>130" filter_expression: > entity.attributes?.door_sensor?.state == trueI also compared it with other groups, the structure is identical.
Looking at the 4 devices in this group, I see that all are active in the MSR, have similar variables, are used in other groups and rules that do not present a problem.
52b099f4-b9c4-46cb-ad3d-c873b09b7e13-image.png
Looking at the log, I understand that it refers to some object that would be null, at which point I am lost on what to actually look at.
[latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:11.711Z <Engine:INFO> Reaction Engine starting [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:11.719Z <Engine:INFO> Checking rule sets... [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:11.746Z <Engine:INFO> Checking rules... [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:11.748Z <Engine:INFO> Data check complete; no corrections. [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:11.892Z <Engine:ERR> [Engine]Engine#1: error evaluating expression EntranceOPEN: [ReferenceError]ReferenceError: Invalid scope in reference to member attributes of (object)null [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:11.893Z <Engine:ERR> [Engine]Engine#1: expression: sort(each id in ( getEntity('groups>dgc_entrance_open').attributes.sys_group.members ): getEntity(id).name) [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:11.894Z <Engine:CRIT> ReferenceError: Invalid scope in reference to member attributes of (object)null ReferenceError: Invalid scope in reference to member attributes of (object)null at _run (C:\MSR\reactor\common\lexp.js:1449:31) at _run (C:\MSR\reactor\common\lexp.js:1443:33) at _run (C:\MSR\reactor\common\lexp.js:1443:33) at _run (C:\MSR\reactor\common\lexp.js:1536:38) at _run (C:\MSR\reactor\common\lexp.js:1480:33) at C:\MSR\reactor\common\lexp.js:1283:29 at Array.forEach (<anonymous>) at _run (C:\MSR\reactor\common\lexp.js:1282:28) at run (C:\MSR\reactor\common\lexp.js:1663:22) at Object.evaluate (C:\MSR\reactor\common\lexp.js:1699:20) [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:12.232Z <Engine:NOTICE> Reaction Engine running! [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:12.233Z <Rule:INFO> Rule#rule-kxjp2el2 (Mode DAY) started [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:12.234Z <Rule:INFO> Rule#rule-kxjp7kc8 (Mode EVENING) started [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:12.234Z <Rule:INFO> Rule#rule-kxjparz7 (Mode NIGHT) started [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:12.234Z <Rule:INFO> Rule#rule-kxjpd0d6 (Mode AWAY ∆) started [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:12.235Z <Rule:INFO> Rule#rule-kxjqrcr9 (Mode PARTY) started [latest-22118]2022-05-02T22:33:12.235Z <Rule:INFO> Rule#rule-kxjqyhnu (Mode VACATION ∆) startedFinally, if I return the expression and press the Try This Expression button, it is executed and the error disappears.
102e5013-b9aa-4c26-98f5-1ae545f8897f-image.png
This situation started to occur on the latest version of Reactor 22118, on a Windows 10 Bare Metal installation. Does anyone have a similar scenario?
Sorry for the long post, I tried to document as best as possible to try to identify the problem.
Thanks.
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Please can anyone give me advice on a cheap way to run MSR (both initial cost and ongoing electricity cost). I currently run it on my QNAP network drive (which works very well incidentally). However, this draws a constant 35Watts (£90/yr @ 30p/kWh) and given the recent rise in fuel costs I am evaluating the best way forwards. Note, I only really need to turn my QNAP on for an hour a week to back-up my computer data. I understand that MSR can run on a Raspberry PI, but I am not competent with Linux! Thanks.
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I just noticed that the new hotness picked up the entities from when I added an integration temporarily to my Home Assistant and popped a lovely info notice into the Alerts pane.
I know the info is new - but when did MSR suddenly become more real-time with devices being added to hubs? This is great!
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Noticed in the last few nights that my Global Reaction to turn on a mere six lights in the evenings the same two devices no longer turn on. One is a dimming smart bulb, the other is a wall outlet.
This has been running flawlessly for months - just in the last few nights I've noticed these two devices being left behind and yes, it's always these two devices only.
"What changed?"
No Hubitat firmware updates No new devices added to Hubitat list itemTwo MSR updates (the last two, I keep up with the latest) list itemHome Assistant releases (should have zero bearing, HA is nothing more than pretty dashboards) list itemAdded MQTT to MSRI did do a z-wave "repair" last night and am waiting to see if this helps.
Is there any maximum or cap on number of devices that should be included in a Global Reaction?
*Marked as solved as the question asked was answered. The issue persists but the question was answered.
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I've borked my install of reactor-latest-22118-0f0772c.tar.gz for some reason and am retracing steps. Running npm i --no-save --omit dev prompted to update npm and I did (current version now 8.6.0). Currently, attempts to load via browser/s (Brave and Safari) result in "This site can’t be reached192.168.1.xxx refused to connect." I am still able to SSH into the RPi.
I haven't panicked yet but did just pull my config and storage directories - I believe I read where that's enough for a back-up if a clean install ends up being needed.
So the question of the day: which version of nmp should we be running on for the latest Reactor?
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I’ve looked and can’t find the answer which concerns me that the answer is obvious and thats why I can't find the answer to this.
I’m new to MSR and this is my first post, so please bare with me 🙂
What I’m trying to do is have a global expression that contains the current time so I can use it in Global reactions as well as Rulesets as part of my syslog messages.
Example of what I’m experiencing:
In Expressions, create a global expression: gMyTOD = strftime("%T %D”)
In Rulesets, in a rule, create a local expression: MyTOD = strftime("%T %D”)In that same rule create a Notify type of Syslog.
Set syslog message to: gMyTOD time is ${{gMyTOD}} and MyTOD time is ${{MyTOD}}
Trigger the rule.The result is that the local expression (MyTOD) contains the correct time but the global expression (gMyTOD) does not update and reflects the wrong time in the final syslog message.
Is there a different approach I should be using?
Thank you in advance for any insight.
-bh
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Hi!
What's the easiest and most effective way to make this work? Do I ping a few websites every ten minutes or so, or is there a better approch? If I'm going to ping, what URL is recommended?
Once a month or so, my internet access is lost, and I have to cut the power to the router, to restart it. When I'm away this become a problem, so I thought that if I got a zigbee switch (in Home Assistant), problem is solved. But how do I (MSR) know if it's offline?For information, I have a set up with Asus routers, Home Assistent with zigbee-, z-wave and wifi devices (a total of appr. 150) and every of my 60-70 automation is done by MSR.
I run MSR ver. 22080-ae7212f (docker on my Home Assistant blue). HA ver 2022.4.6.
Thanks in advance.
Take care, you all!
/Fanan -
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So, I have a rule set that it's triggered when a local variable changes. Since it's tied to my solar production, it could change very frequently, so I've just added a reset delay to calm it down, but it's not working as intended.
What I really need is a way to, let's say, define a percentage and define a variable to understand if the new value has changed +/- 10% before going true.
I've tried a couple of ways, but I'm posting here anyway, in case anyone has found a better way to tackle this. Thanks!
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Perhaps a dumb question. Can I check from Home Assistant that MSR is up and running? I would like to see that in a status page in HA. I can of course ping the other Pi but it doesn't say anything about the MSR status.
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@toggledbits Is there a way to get Current Alerts as an entity so I could monitor those and send notifications if needed.
My usecase is sometimes openLuup crashes and MSR picks that up pretty quick, sending a pushover notification to me would get my attention to restart it.
Of course there are many ways to monitor connectivity but since MSR already is doing that it would be neat to take advantage of it. -
Hey @toggledbits.
From the docs:You cannot control the state of rules via MQTT. Rule state is driven exclusively by the result of its conditions.
And I'm OK when rules are triggered by something else, but I've built a couple of rules to be used by other rules, to streamline the logic, and it'll be useful to invoke a rule via MQTT. It's probably close to what rule/:id/restart is doing in the HTTP api.
Thanks!
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I'm trying to create some automation so I can control my pool variable speed pump from reactor rather than iAqualink (which sucks). My controller is MQTT enabled so I created several scripts for my desired speeds. (I know reactor has MQTT ability but honestly I read the docs and could not make much sense of it and since I already have it set up in Home Assistant, I figured I would just leverage that instead)
So I created all of my scripts and tested them, they worked perfectly. The I created a rule in reactor and set running the script as the action. The problem is that reactor is telling me that I have to make a selection. I try to click the dropdown and there is nothing to select. I cant save the rule, the only option is to exit.
9e0a3147-5058-4893-9860-2f0d759dfe3c-image.png
Here is my script in Home Assistant. Any advice on how to get this to work? If I am looking at this the wrong way I am open to suggestions (I would rather be able to call a specific action and specify a speed value but I cannot figure out how to do that). Thanks in advance.
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Hi, I've been using msr for a while now and haven't had timezone issues until today when I updated to latest docker image (latest-22080-ae7212f)
both docker date command and my local date command show the same time, same timezone, but for some reason MSR shows the host time as 2 hours in the past as a result all my timed rules run 2 hours late.
my locale is set correctly in the host machine and is bound into the container as well.
One possible hint I get is maybe this from the container startup log, but other than timezone stuff everything else seems to be working fine and all my settings loaded up just fine.
[latest-22080]2022-04-07T07:52:52.423Z <SystemController:null> Module SystemController v22080 root {} CommonJS loading [latest-22080]2022-04-07T07:52:57.236Z <Engine:CRIT> SyntaxError: Unexpected end of JSON input SyntaxError: Unexpected end of JSON input at JSON.parse (<anonymous>) at IndividualFileStrategy.getDataObject (/opt/reactor/server/lib/IndividualFileStrategy.js:121:46) at Container.getDataObject (/opt/reactor/server/lib/Container.js:102:53) at new GlobalExpression (/opt/reactor/server/lib/GlobalExpression.js:105:179) at Function.getInstance (/opt/reactor/server/lib/GlobalExpression.js:123:89) at /opt/reactor/server/lib/Engine.js:1349:67 at Array.forEach (<anonymous>) at Engine.initializeGlobalExpressions (/opt/reactor/server/lib/Engine.js:1345:145) at Engine.start (/opt/reactor/server/lib/Engine.js:590:285) at /opt/reactor/app.js:362:103Let me know if I can provide further info to help debug this.
Thanks
Problems with Up grading existing MSR.
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Followers will be aware of the problems I had setting up MSR, so it won;t come as a surprise that now I have problems Upgrading to the latest version. (How much I wish for a "Click to Upgrade" Button.....)
I've been stuck on this for 6 days and am ready to throw in all into the to hard basket, surely HA shouldn't be this problematic?
There, I've said it now I feel better....
So what's the problem, I can upload the file using WINSCP but no matter what I've tried it won't un-tar and over write the existing files in the Reactor Directory.
I receive the following error message which may as well be written in Martianin my case.
Command 'tar -xz --directory="reactor" -f "reactor-0.1-21101-0db64f0-generic.tar.gz"'
failed with return code 2 and error message
tar: reactor: Cannot mkdir: Permission denied
tar: reactor: Cannot mkdir: Permission denied
tar: reactor/INSTALL.md: Cannot open: No such file or directory
tar: reactor: Cannot mkdir: Permission denied
tar: reactor/LICENSE.md: Cannot open: No such file or directory
tar: reactor: Cannot mkdir: Permission denied
cut for sanity sake....This goes on for ad infinitum for every file.
I tried with both users, no change, can anyone decipher this and explain why WINSCP won't untar the file?
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Sounds like you didn't get it right from the get-go... this has the earmarks of a root/sudo install, so all the files have incorrect/inappropriate permissions. Did you maybe do your first install while logged in as "root", or using "sudo"? The instructions are pretty clear that you must not do either of these things.
@black-cat said in Problems with Up grading existing MSR.:
I tried with both users,
And right there are the words that inspire dread...
So, let's start with the basics. SSH into your Pi, preferably as user pi (or whatever non-root user you are trying to be), change directory into your "reactor" directory, and then run the following commands. Post the output here.
id uname -a ls -la
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This post is deleted! -
Changing to reactor:
msr@BlackCatPi4:~ $ cd reactor
msr@BlackCatPi4:~/reactor $ id
uid=1001(msr) gid=1001(msr) groups=1001(msr)
msr@BlackCatPi4:~/reactor $ uname -a
Linux BlackCatPi4 5.10.17-v7l+ #1403 SMP Mon Feb 22 11:33:35 GMT 2021 armv7l GNU /Linux
msr@BlackCatPi4:~/reactor $ ls -la
total 92
drwxr-xr-x 15 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 12:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 msr msr 4096 Apr 20 09:29 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 msr msr 9690 Mar 1 12:57 app.js
-rwx------ 1 msr msr 135 Feb 26 10:33 app.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 msr msr 18 Mar 1 12:57 buildstamp
drwxr-xr-x 2 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 11:04 client
drwxr-xr-x 2 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 11:04 common
drwxr-x--- 2 msr msr 4096 Apr 16 14:52 config
drwxr-xr-x 4 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 11:04 dashboard
drwxr-xr-x 2 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 11:04 dist-config
drwxr-xr-x 3 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 11:04 docs
-rw-r--r-- 1 msr msr 2912 Feb 26 10:33 INSTALL.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 msr msr 2355 Feb 26 10:33 LICENSE.md
drwxr-x--- 2 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 12:42 local
drwxr-xr-x 2 msr msr 4096 Apr 14 16:59 logs
drwxr-xr-x 84 msr msr 4096 Apr 14 16:36 node_modules
-rw-r--r-- 1 msr msr 992 Feb 26 10:33 package.json
drwxr-xr-x 3 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 11:04 reactorui
drwxr-xr-x 4 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 11:04 server
drwxr-x--- 6 msr msr 4096 Apr 18 17:13 storage
drwxr-xr-x 2 msr msr 4096 Mar 14 11:04 tools
msr@BlackCatPi4:~/reactor $ -
Looks OK. But maybe you're just not in the right directory when you're doing in the update. Given the command example (tar) you gave earlier, it would not work if you were sitting in the
reactor
directory at that moment, because that command is making it look for a directory called "reactor" inside the directory called "reactor". I'm wondering where you got that command, because it's not the one that's in the documentation.Anyway, try this, logged in as user msr:
cd ~msr/reactor tar xzvf /path/to/the/downloaded/tarfile
Just put in the full path to the downloaded archive after "xzvf" above.
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I had the tar above the reactor directory, anyway I've moved on and used Midnight Commander to un-tar, reminds me of the old DOS days and Norton Commander (anyone remember that program?), finally having some success.
Still don't know why un-tar wouldn't work in WINSCP or using lynx commands in Putty, but did in MC?
Onto the next problem..... -
Wrong folder at a guess, but I recall MC and Norton
C
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Thanks for the tip about midnight commander! Didn't use Norton commander, but I did use Xtree Pro on my first PC (XT86 6mhz).
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I would strongly recommend that you take the time to learn some basic *nix command line and system administration in the background of other work, and I'm addressing the audience in general here, not @Black-Cat or anyone specifically. This will pay huge dividends. You need to be able to successfully navigate the file system (commands
cd
,pwd
,ls
,find
,rm
,mkdir
,rmdir
,ln
,cat
,more/less
), understand the differences in user permissions and how to manipulate them (commandschmod
andchown
), compress and uncompress files (commonlygzip
andgunzip
; there are many others but all operate in a similar way), edit files (you don't have to learnvi
, butnano
is useful), and update your system (viaapt
,yum
,apk
or whatever it uses). This basic knowledge will vastly increase your comfort with other more complex tasks that incorporate these basic tools. Permissions problems, for example, is probably a top 3, if not #1, *nix issue for beginning users, and changing permissions to everything world-read/write is not an answer (in some cases, it will make the problem worse -- ssh itself, for example, is famous for ignoring its own config files when their permissions don't smell right to its nose).I've been on *nix for decades (I was at Berkeley in the late 70s and early 80s), but remember well the pain of trying to learn the odd foreshortened command names (with their quirky history -- why
grep
andcd
are acronyms butls
is not, and what the heck iscat
?), the options for those commands, and of course the editing environment (at 300 baud on a good day). And that's when my brain was young and not addled by age and accretion of useless bits that defy purging to make room for things of greater relevance. I empathize; I really do. But the core of what you need to know is actually pretty small, and if you're going to have these systems in your home, you really need to understand them at a basic level. You also make yourself unsupportable when you rely on tools like MC, Norton, or WinSCP; there's a reason that the installation instructions for almost everything rarely mention these tools and give "bare metal" commands. I'm not saying you're wrong to do it and make your life easier for the most common tasks you do for yourself, that's absolutely fine; but know that you won't get away with not knowing what you really need to know. You will continue to hit roadblocks and be frustrated, and helping you will be more complex and take longer. If the tool has side-effects or behaviors that work differently from the system tools, and you just happen to forget to mention that you're using such a tool, you can create a lot of unnecessary confusion and excess, likely fruitless, labor. If you are going to make these systems an indispensable part of your home, you need to understand them well enough to maintain them. -
toggledbits